GIST Cancer Surgery

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is part of the body digestive system. It helps to digest food and takesnutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water) from food so they can be used by the body. The GI tract is made up of the following organs: Stomach, Small intestine & Large intestine (colon).

GIST Cancer Surgery

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) may be malignant (cancer) or benign (not cancer). They are most common in the stomach and small intestine but may be found anywhere in or near the GI tract. Some scientists believe that GISTs begin in cells called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), in the wall of the GI tract.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) may be found anywhere in or near the gastrointestinal tract.

Way of Cancer Spread in the body:

The three ways that cancer spreads in the body are:

  1. Through tissue
  2. Through lymph system
  3. Through the blood

When cancer cells break away from the primary (original) tumor and travel through the lymph or blood to other places in the body, another (secondary) tumor may form. This process is called metastasis. The secondary (metastatic) tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, ifbreast cancer spreads to the bones, the cancer cells in the bones are actually breast cancer cells. The disease is metastatic breast cancer, not bone cancer

wHAT IS GIST CANCER SURGERY?

The results of diagnostic and staging tests of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are used to plan further treatment.

Treatment is based on whether the tumor is:

  1. Resectable: These tumors can be removed by surgery .
  2. Unresectable: These tumors cannot be completely removed by surgery.
  3. Metastatic and recurrent: Metastatic tumors have spread to other parts of the body. Recurrent tumors have recurred (come back) after treatment. Recurrent GISTs may come back in the gastrointestinal tract or in other parts of the body. They are usually found in the abdomen,peritoneum, and/or liver.

Treatment Options:

Surgery

If the GIST has not spread and is in a place where surgery can be safely done, the tumor and some of the tissue around it may be removed..

Targeted therapy

Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are targeted therapy drugs that block signals needed for tumors to grow. TKIs may be used to treat GISTs that cannot be removed by surgery or to shrink GISTs so they become small enough to be removed by surgery. Imatinib mesylate and sunitinib are two TKIs used to treat GISTs. TKIs are sometimes given for as long as the tumor does not grow and serious side effectsdo not occur.

Treatment Planning:

Resectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) can be completely or almost completely removed by surgery. Treatment may include the following: If there are cancer cells remaining at the edges of the area where the tumor was removed, watchful waiting or targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate may follow. A clinical trial of targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate following surgery, to decrease the chance the tumor will recur (come back).

Unresectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Unresectable GISTs cannot be completely removed by surgery because they are too large or in a place where there would be too much damage to nearby organs if the tumor is removed. Treatment is usually a clinical trial of targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate to shrink the tumor, followed by surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible.

Metastatic and Recurrent Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Treatment of GISTs that are metastatic (spread to other parts of the body) or recurrent (came back after treatment) may include the following:

  1. Targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate.
  2. Targeted therapy with sunitinib, if the tumor begins to grow during imatinib mesylate therapy or if the side effects are too bad.
  3. Surgery to remove tumors that have been treated with targeted therapy and are shrinking, stable(not changing), or that have slightly increased in size. Targeted therapy may continue after surgery.
  4. Surgery to remove tumors when there are serious complications, such as bleeding, a hole in thegastrointestinal (GI) tract, a blocked GI tract, or infection.

Symptoms

Possible signs of gastrointestinal stromal tumors include blood in the stool or vomit.

RISK FACTORS

GIST may be part of a genetic syndrome, but this is rare. A genetic syndrome is a set of symptoms orconditions that occur together and is usually caused by abnormal genes. The following genetic syndromes have been linked to GIST: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Carney triad.

For most people, BMI provides a reasonable estimate of body fat. However, BMI doesn't directly measure body fat, so some people, such as muscular athletes, may have a BMI in the obesity category even though they don't have excess body fat.

dIAGNOSIS

Tests that examine the GI tract are used to detect (find) and diagnose gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

The following tests and procedures may be used:

  1. Physical exam and history : An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease.
  2. CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
  3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
  4. Endoscopic ultrasound and biopsy : Endoscopy and ultrasound are used to make an image of the upper GI tract and a biopsy is done. An endoscope (a thin, tube-like instrument with a light and a lens for viewing) is inserted through the mouth and into the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. A probe at the end of the endoscope is used to bounce high-energy sound waves (ultrasound) off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram. This procedure is also called endosonography. Guided by the sonogram, the doctor removes tissue using a thin, hollow needle. A pathologist views the tissue under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

If cancer is found, the following tests may be done to study the cancer cells:

  1. Immunohistochemistry study: A laboratory test in which a substance such as an antibody, dye, or radioisotope is added to a sample of cancer tissue to test for certain antigens. This type of study is used to tell the difference between different types of cancer.
  2. Mitotic rate : A measure of how fast the cancer cells are dividing and growing. The mitotic rate is found by counting the number of cells dividing in a certain amount of cancer tissue.

The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:

  1. How quickly the cancer cells are growing and dividing.
  2. The size of the tumor.
  3. Where the tumor is in the body.
  4. Whether the tumor can be completely removed by surgery.
  5. Whether the tumor has spread to other parts of the body.

Prevention

Whether you're at risk of obesity, currently overweight or at a healthy weight, you can take steps to prevent unhealthy weight gain and related health problems. Not surprisingly, the steps to prevent weight gain are the same as the steps to lose weight: daily exercise, a healthy diet, and a long-term commitment to watch what you eat and drink.

  • Exercise regularly.
  • Follow a healthy-eating plan
  • Know and avoid the food traps that cause you to eat.
  • Monitor your weight regularly
  • Be consistent

 

STAGING

After a gastrointestinal stromal tumor has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the gastrointestinal tract or to other parts of the body.The following tests and procedures may be used in the staging process:

  1. PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): A procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET scannerrotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do.
  2. CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-raymachine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
  3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
  4. Chest x-ray : An x-ray of the organs and bones inside the chest. An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body.
  5. Bone scan : A procedure to check if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone. A very small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream. The radioactive material collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner.

OVERVIEW OF CANCER SURGERY

Goal of Cancer Surgery

Depending on your cancer type and stage, our goals for treatment are:

1. Cure : This is the most important goal of cancer surgery. In fact as a cancer patient you are also strongly willing to have cure of cancer for forever. For most of the Liver & Gastro-intestinal cancers perhaps surgery is the first step for cure. Radiation &/or Chemotheray may be advised as an additional tool to achieve this goal.

2. Control : If your cancer is at a later stage or if previous treatments have been unsuccessful, we aim to control your cancer by removing as much as safely possible. Once you recover from surgery, radiation or chemotherapy is advised as important tool to control your cancer.

3. Comfort : If you have an advanced stage of cancer or one that hasn't responded to treatments and having symptoms because of tumor i.e pain, jaundice, vomiting, bleeding either in vomitus or in stool, then our multi-specialist team work together to sure you are free of pain and other symptoms.

Role of Surgery for Cancer treatment

Surgery can be done for many reasons for treatment of cancer.

Diagnostic & Staging Surgery

This type of surgery is used to take out a piece of tissue (biopsy) to find out if cancer is present or what type of cancer it is. The diagnosis of cancer is made by looking at the cells under a microscope. Staging surgery is done to find out how much cancer there is and how far it has spread. The physical exam and the results of lab and imaging tests are used to figure out the clinical stage of the cancer. But the surgical stage (also called the pathologic stage) is usually a more exact measure of how far the cancer has spread. Examples of surgical procedures commonly used to stage cancers, like laparoscopy or laparotomy.

Palliative Surgery

This type of surgery is used to treat problems caused by advanced cancer. It is not done to cure the cancer. For example, cancers of intestine may grow large enough to block off (obstruct) the intestine, or tumor is bleeding and unable to control bleed by medical/endoscopic technique. If this happens, surgery can be used to remove the blockage/control bleeding.

How surgery is performed? (Special surgery techniques):

Open Surgery:

It is the Gold Standard approach for Liver & Gastro-Intestinal cancer. An incision is given on the belly depending upton the underlying location of tumor so that surgeon can directly approach the cancer on cutting the belly. Open Surgery help to remove tumor safely if its adherent to near by blood vessels or organ, that is otherwise difficult in laparoscopic surgery.

Laparoscopic Surgery

1. A laparoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube that can be put through a small cut (incision) to look inside the body. In recent years, doctors have found that by creating small holes and using special instruments, the laparoscope can be used to perform surgery without making a large cut. This can help reduce blood loss during surgery and pain afterward. It can also shorten hospital stays and allow people to heal faster.

2. The role of laparoscopic surgery in cancer treatment is not yet clear. Doctors are now studying whether it is safe and effective to use laparoscopic surgeries for cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum & liver. It may prove to be as safe and work as well as standard surgery while cutting less and causing less damage to healthy tissues (being less invasive).

Biopsy of Cancer before Surgery

Biopsy is procedure to confirm the presence of cancer. It’s not essential before surgery. Usually biopsy is performed when 1. Suspicion is cause other than cancer, 2. When surgery cannot be done for cancer due to advanced stage of cancer or 3. Patient is unfit to undergo surgery. In these situation, biopsy guides for further therapy.

If all investigations suggest that cancer can be removed in totality from body, then biopsy can be avoided in to minimize the risk of spillage of cancer cell during biopsy procedure.

There are variety of ways to perform biopsy:

Fine Needle Aspiration (FAN) biopsy

1. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) uses a very thin needle attached to a syringe to pull out small bits of tissue. The needle is guided into the tumor by looking at it using an imaging test, like an ultrasound or CT scan.

2. The main advantage of FNA is that there is no need to cut through the skin, so there is no surgical incision.

3. A drawback is that in some cases the needle can’t take out enough tissue for an exact diagnosis. A more invasive type of biopsy (one that involves larger needles or a cut in the skin) may then be needed.

Core Needle biopsy

This type of biopsy uses a larger needle to take out a core of tissue and done under guidance of imaging test like an ultrasound or CT scan. The advantage of core biopsy is that it usually collects enough tissue to find out whether the tumor is cancer.

Excisional or Incisional biopsy

For these biopsies, the surgeon remove the entire tumor (excisional biopsy) or a small part of the tumor (incisional biopsy).

PREPARATION OF CANCER SURGERY

Our expert team members shall help you to prepare you for surgery. You are strongly advised to stop smoking, stop drinking alcohol, try to improve your diet, lose weight, or actively exercise before surgery.

Pre-operative testing

In most cases, you will need some tests before your surgery. The tests routinely used include:

1. Blood tests to measure your blood counts, your risk of bleeding or infection, and how well your liver and kidneys are working. Your blood group type is also be checked in case you need blood transfusions during the operation.

2. Chest x-ray and ECG (electrocardiogram) to check your lungs and your heart’s electrical system.

3. USG/CT scans/ MRI to look at the size and location of the tumors and see if the cancer looks like it has spread to nearby tissues.

Anaesthetic Assessment before Surgery:

Our expert team of Anaesthetist will ask you questions pertaining to your health and to assess your fitness for surgery. You are requested to tell them in detail about your current and past medical ailments, allergic reactions you’ve had in the past and current medicines that you are taking like blood thinning medicine. This medicine should be stopped 1 week prior to surgery.

Informed Consent

Informed consent is one of the most important parts of “getting ready for surgery”. It is a process during which you are told about all aspects of the treatment before you give your doctor written permission to do the surgery.

Getting ready for Surgery

Depending on the type of operation you have, there may be things you need to do to be ready for surgery:

  1. Emptying your stomach and bowels (digestive tract) is important. Vomiting while under anaesthesia can be very dangerous because the vomit could get into your lungs and cause an infection. Because of this, you will be asked to not eat or drink anything starting the night before the surgery.
  2. Laxative: You may also be asked to use a laxative or an enema to make sure your bowels are empty.
  3. Shaving of Operative part: You need to have an area of your body shaved to keep hair from getting into the surgical cut (incision). The area will be cleaned before the operation to reduce the risk of infection.

ANAESTHESIA

Anaesthesia is the use of drugs to make the body unable to feel pain for a period of time. General anaesthesia puts you into a deep sleep for the surgery. It is often started by having you breathe into a face mask or by putting a drug into a vein in your arm. Once you are asleep, an endotracheal or ET tube is put in your throat to make it easy for you to breathe. Your heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure (vital signs) will be closely watched during the surgery. A doctor watches you throughout the procedure and until you wake up. They also take out the ET tube when the operation is over. You will be taken to the recovery room to be watched closely while the effects of the drugs wear off. This may take hours. People waking up from general anaesthesia often feel "out of it" for some time. Things may seem hazy or dream-like for a while. Your throat may be sore for a while from the endotracheal (ET) tube.

Risks & Side-Effects of Surgery

There are risks that go with any type of medical procedure and surgery is no longer an exception. Success of surgery depends upon 3 factors: type of disease/surgery, experience of surgeon and overall health of patients. What’s important is whether the expected benefits outweigh the possible risks.

Doctors have been performing surgeries for a very long time. Advances in surgical techniques and our understanding of how to prevent infections have made modern surgery safer and less likely to damage healthy tissues than it has ever been. Still, there’s always a degree of risk involved, no matter how small. Different procedures have different kinds of risks and side effects. Be sure to discuss the details of your case with our health care team, who can give you a better idea about what your actual risks are. During surgery, possible complications during surgery may be caused by the surgery itself, the drugs used (anesthesia), or an underlying disease. Generally speaking, the more complex the surgery is the greater the risk. Complications in major surgical procedures include:

1. Complications related to Anaesthesia : Reactions to drugs used (anesthesia) or other medicines. Although rare, these can be serious because they can cause dangerously low blood pressures. Your doctors will watch your heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and other signs throughout the procedure to look for this.

2. Complications related to underlying medical illness like heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity, malnutrition.

Lung : Pneumonia, Atelectasis (collapse of lung), effusion (fluid in chest) can occur, especially in patients with reduced lung function, such as smokers. Doing deep breathing exercises as soon as possible after surgery helps lessen this risk.

Thrombosis (blood clot) in leg & embolism (blood clot) in lung : Blood clots can form in the deep veins of the legs after surgery, especially if a person stays in bed for a long time. Such a clot can become a serious problem if it breaks loose and travels to another part of the body, such as a lung. This is a big reason why you will be encouraged to get out of bed to sit, stand, and walk as soon as possible.

Cardiovascular : Myocardial infarction (heart attach), Arrhythmia (irregular heart beat), Stroke (cerebro-vascular accidents).

Kidney & urinary tract infection, acute kidney failure if patient has uncontrolled/non-responding infection.

3. Complications related to Specific Operations

1. There are specific complications related to type of surgery. You are encouraged with discuss in detail with our health care team before you give your consent for surgery.

2. Bile leak

3. Bleed

4. Complications related to Major Surgery

Infection : Infection at the site of the wound, lung and urinary infection. Infection risk is more if intestine is perforated before surgery, operated for colon and rectum, stent in placed in bile duct to relieve jaundice or intestinal joint is leaking.

Bleeding : The risk of bleeding during or after surgery is more if patient taking blood thinning medicine till day of surgery or having liver dysfunction. Bleeding during surgery that may cause you to need blood transfusions. There is a risk of certain problems with transfusions, some of them serious. Still, some operations involve a certain amount of controlled blood loss. Bleeding can happen either inside the body (internally) or outside the body (externally). It can occur if a blood vessel sealed during surgery opens up or if a wound opens up. Serious bleeding may cause the person to need another operation to find the source of the bleeding and stop it.

Leakage from anastomosis (joint of anastomosis) & fluid collection in tummy.

Blockage of intestine (Intestinal obstruction)

RECOVERY FROM SURGERY

Your recovery right after surgery depends on many factors, including your state of health before the operation and how extensive the operation was performed.

Pain

You may feel pain at the site of surgery. We aim to keep you pain free after surgery with the help of latest and most effective technique or analgesic (pain relieving medicine).

Tube/ Drains

  1. You may also have Ryle’s Tube (tube going through nose to stomach) that drain out intestinal fluid. This tube helps to relieve nausea and vomiting after surgery and usually removed 1-2 day after surgery.
  2. You may also have “Tube” (called a Foley catheter) draining urine from your bladder into a bag. This will be taken out soon after surgery, once you are comfortable enough to go to bathroom.
  3. You may have a tube or tubes (called Drains) coming out of the surgical opening in your skin (incision site). Drains allow the excess fluid that collects at the surgery site to leave the body. Drain tube will also be removed once they stop collecting fluid, usually a few days after the operation.

Leg Stocking / Compression boot

As you are remains in bed on day of surgery, circulation of blood in leg become sluggish that may increase possibility of thrombo-embolism. To minimise it, you will be wearing leg stocking/ pneumatic compression boot to improve your leg circulation thus minimising the risk of thrombolism.

Eating and Drinking

You may not feel much like eating or drinking, but this is an important part of the recovery process. Our health care team may start you out with ice chips or clear liquids. The stomach and intestines (digestive tract) is one of the last parts of the body to recover from the drugs used during surgery. You will need to have signs of stomach and bowel activity before you will be allowed to eat. You will likely be on a clear liquid diet until this happens. Once it does, you may get to try solid foods.

Activity

  1. Our health care team will try to have you move around as soon as possible after surgery. They may even have you out of bed and walking the same day. While this may be hard at first, it helps speed your recovery by getting your digestive tract moving. It also helps your circulation and helps prevent blood clots from forming in your legs.
  2. Our team shall also encourage you to do deep breathing exercises. This helps fully inflate your lungs and reduces the risk of pneumonia. You are advised to take deep breaths and cough every hour to help prevent lung infections. You will use an incentive spirometer (a small device used in breathing exercises to prevent complications after major surgery) 10-15 times every hour.

Going home

Once you are eating and walking, all tube/drains placed during surgery are removed, and then you may be ready to go home. Before leaving for home our health care team shall give you detailed guidance regarding diet, activities, medications & further plan of treatment.

LIFE AFTER SURGERY

Nutrition

  1. Following treatment, you may feel change in your taste. This improves over a time and we encourage having health food habit like fresh vegetables, fruits and high protein diet.

Exercise

  1. Along with healthy food habits, we also encourage for exercise. Exercise improves your health in different ways: It improves your heart and circulation, makes your muscles stronger & makes you feel happier. You should do your regular activities like walking, and rather increase day by day. Weight lifting and strenuous exercise are avoided for initial 2-3 months.

Follow up care

  1. You'll need regular check-ups after treatment for liver cancer. This help to find out any change in your recovery. Sometimes liver cancer comes back after treatment. Our health care team will check for return of cancer. Checkups may include a physical exam, blood tests, ultrasound / CT scan.
  2. If you have any health problems between checkups, you should contact our health care team. Report to our health care team, if you have any redness/ swelling or discharge of any type of fluid from your operative incision site, pain abdomen, vomiting or fever, breathing difficulty etc.

Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn't just a cosmetic concern. It is a medical problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.

There are many reasons why some people have difficulty avoiding obesity. Usually, obesity results from a combination of inherited factors, combined with the environment and personal diet and exercise choices.

The good news is that even modest weight loss can improve or prevent the health problems associated with obesity. Dietary changes, increased physical activity and behavior changes can help you lose weight. Prescription medications and weight-loss procedures are additional options for treating obesity.

Causes

Although there are genetic, behavioral, metabolic and hormonal influences on body weight, obesity occurs when you take in more calories than you burn through exercise and normal daily activities. Your body stores these excess calories as fat.

When most of the diets are too high in calories & often from fast food and high-calorie beverages. People with obesity might eat more calories before feeling full, feel hungry sooner, or eat more due to stress or anxiety.

Symptoms

Obesity is diagnosed when your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. To determine your body mass index, divide your weight in pounds by your height in inches squared and multiply by 703. Or divide your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared.

BMI Weight status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25.0-29.9 Overweight
30.0 and higher Obesity

For most people, BMI provides a reasonable estimate of body fat. However, BMI doesn't directly measure body fat, so some people, such as muscular athletes, may have a BMI in the obesity category even though they don't have excess body fat.

Risks

Obesity usually results from a combination of causes and contributing factors:

  • Family inheritance and influences
  • Lifestyle choices
  • Certain diseases and medications
  • Social and economic issues
  • Age
  • Other factors (Pregnancy, Quitting smoking, Lack of sleep, Stress, Microbiome, Previous attempts to lose weight etc)

Even if you have one or more of these risk factors, it doesn't mean that you're destined to develop obesity. You can counteract most risk factors through diet, physical activity and exercise, and behavior changes.

Prevention

Whether you're at risk of obesity, currently overweight or at a healthy weight, you can take steps to prevent unhealthy weight gain and related health problems. Not surprisingly, the steps to prevent weight gain are the same as the steps to lose weight: daily exercise, a healthy diet, and a long-term commitment to watch what you eat and drink.

  • Exercise regularly.
  • Follow a healthy-eating plan
  • Know and avoid the food traps that cause you to eat.
  • Monitor your weight regularly
  • Be consistent

When to see a doctor

If you're concerned about weight-related health problems, you have come at the right place Request a Callback to discuss about obesity management. We can evaluate your health risks and discuss your weight-loss options.

How we can HELP

Obesity Doctor is one of the most renowned & awarded Obesity/Weight Loss Clinic in India.

Obesity Clinic is a Super Speciality Surgery Center specializing in Bariatric Surgery procedures. We specialize in laparoscopic (key-hole surgery) surgery, Single incision or Scar-less surgery. These techniques are much kinder to the patients as compared to open surgery. Laparoscopy leads to less pain, early recovery and faster return to work.

  • Super Specialist

    in Gastro Intestinal & Laproscopic Surgery
  • 5000+

    surgeries performed successfully
  • Awards & Accolades

    Recipient from various National & International Medical Associations
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Types of Weight Loss Surgery

Bariatric Surgery / Weight Loss Surgeries / Obesity Surgeries.

Consult with our specialist to clear doubts about Weight Loss Surgeries.

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  • Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

  • Gastric Balloon Surgery

  • Gastric Sleeve Surgery OR Sleeve Gastrectomy

  • Single Incision Sleeve Gastrectomy

  • Adjustable Gastric Banding Surgery

  • c

  • Duodenal Switch (DS) & Duodeno-Jejunostomy (DJB)

  • Revisional Bariatric Surgery

Why Surgery ?

Benefits of Bariatric Surgery and Why you sould choose it.

Bariatric/weight loss surgery is the only valid treatment option that leads to sustained weight loss in patients suffering from clinically severe obesity. Most people who suffer from obesity have usually tried all methods to lose weight without success before they consider surgery.

Bariatric surgery is recommended for people who are suffering from morbid obesity (if they are more than 30 to 35 kg above their ideal body weight). Bariatric surgery is also a very good treatment option for obese people who suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Surgery leads to significant improvement in diseases associated with obesity such as- diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, knee joint pains, PCOD, obstructive sleep apnoea, fatty liver disease, infertility and so on.

Bariatric surgery is the only way people can lose massive amount of weight. It is also easier to maintain the weight loss after surgery than after any other method of losing weight. Surgery also leads to a significant improvement in the quality of life of these patients.

On a daily basis, we see patients who put in their heart and soul into their efforts to lose weight. They have been to every weight loss clinic, celebrity dieticians, gyms, yoga gurus and weight loss retreats. Unfortunately, more often than not, they meet with disappointment and tend to yo-yo between weight loss and weight gain. This entire process is extremely disheartening and demotivating for the patients.

So, if you have tried hard to lose weight without success and the weight is bearing you down, you have come to the right place because bariatric surgery is the only way at the moment that can lead to sustained weight loss in patients suffering from morbid obesity.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. How much weight can I lose after bariatric surgery and how much time does it take?

    Bariatric surgery leads to about 65 to 75% excess weight loss. Excess weight is calculated as actual weight minus ideal body weight. It takes about 12 to 18 months to lose this weight. Weight loss is very quick in the first 6 months and then it tends to slow down.

  2. Obesity is a chronic progressive disease. Diet and lifestyle modification are an integral part of management of obesity. Patients who embrace the diet and lifestyle modification after surgery tend to get better results. Some degree of weight regain is expected in the long term but it can be controlled if the patient is following a healthy lifestyle.

  3. After bariatric surgery, patients need to be on a liquid diet for about 15 days. This is followed by a phase of semi-solid or soft diet for another 15 days. After a month, most patients are able to have normal food, albeit in limited quantity. Initially the intake is very low but over a period of time, patients are able to eat better. It is also advised to have nutritional supplements in the form of protein supplement, iron, calcium and multivitamins. These will be advised by your doctor based upon your reports as well as the type of surgery.

  4. The cost of bariatric surgery depends on the type of surgery and the room category that you choose. At the moment insurance companies do not cover it routinely but evaluate on case to case basis. There is also an option of medical loan through which patients can get the facility of paying for the surgery in monthly EMIs.

Request a Callback
  • Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

  • Gastric Balloon Surgery

  • Gastric Sleeve Surgery OR Sleeve Gastrectomy

  • Single Incision Sleeve Gastrectomy

  • Adjustable Gastric Banding Surgery

  • c

  • Duodenal Switch (DS) & Duodeno-Jejunostomy (DJB)

  • Revisional Bariatric Surgery

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Dwarika clinic is based in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India and is headed by Dr Avinash Tank (Mch) who is a Super specialist Surgeon with over 5000+ successfull surgeries and Exp of over 20+ years. Dr Tank has been awarded several times by many National and International Medical associations across the Globe for his work in Gasteroentrology and Laparoscopic Surgery (Minimal Invasive Surgery) techniques and expertise.

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Obesity is one of the biggest health problems in the world.

It’s associated with several related conditions, collectively known as metabolic syndrome. These include high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar and a poor blood lipid profile.

People with metabolic syndrome are at a much higher risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes, compared to those whose weight is in a normal range.

Over the past decades, much research has focused on the causes of obesity and how it could be prevented or treated.

Many people seem to think that weight gain and obesity are caused by a lack of willpower.

That’s not entirely true. Although weight gain is largely a result of eating behavior and lifestyle, some people are at a disadvantage when it comes to controlling their eating habits.

The thing is, overeating is driven by various biological factors like genetics and hormones. Certain people are simply predisposed to gaining weight ( 1 Trusted Source ).

Of course, people can overcome their genetic disadvantages by changing their lifestyle and behavior. Lifestyle changes require willpower, dedication and perseverance.

Nevertheless, claims that behavior is purely a function of willpower is far too simplistic.

They don’t take into account all the other factors that ultimately determine what people do and when they do it.

Here are 10 factors that are leading causes of weight gain, obesity and metabolic disease, many of which have nothing to do with willpower.

Obesity has a strong genetic component. Children of obese parents are much more likely to become obese than children of lean parents.

That doesn’t mean that obesity is completely predetermined. What you eat can have a major effect on which genes are expressed and which are not.

Non-industrialized societies rapidly become obese when they start eating a typical Western diet. Their genes didn’t change, but the environment and the signals they sent to their genes did.

Put simply, genetic components do affect your susceptibility to gaining weight. Studies on identical twins demonstrate this very well ( 2 Trusted Source ).

Summary Some people appear to be genetically susceptible to weight gain and obesity.

Heavily processed foods are often little more than refined ingredients mixed with additives.

These products are designed to be cheap, last long on the shelf and taste so incredibly good that they are hard to resist.

By making foods as tasty as possible, food manufacturers are trying to increase sales. But they also promote overeating.

Most processed foods today don’t resemble whole foods at all. These are highly engineered products, designed to get people hooked.

Summary Stores are filled with processed foods that are hard to resist. These products also promote overeating.

Many sugar-sweetened, high-fat junk foods stimulate the reward centers in your brain ( 3, 4 Trusted Source ).

In fact, these foods are often compared to commonly abused drugs like alcohol, cocaine, nicotine and cannabis.

Junk foods can cause addiction in susceptible individuals. These people lose control over their eating behavior, similar to people struggling with alcohol addiction losing control over their drinking behavior.

Addiction is a complex issue that can be very difficult to overcome. When you become addicted to something, you lose your freedom of choice and the biochemistry in your brain starts calling the shots for you.

Summary Some people experience strong food cravings or addiction. This especially applies to sugar-sweetened, high-fat junk foods which stimulate the reward centers in the brain.

Junk food producers are very aggressive marketers.

Their tactics can get unethical at times and they sometimes try to market very unhealthy products as healthy foods.

These companies also make misleading claims. What’s worse, they target their marketing specifically towards children.

In today’s world, children are becoming obese, diabetic and addicted to junk foods long before they’re old enough to make informed decisions about these things.

Summary Food producers spend a lot of money marketing junk food, sometimes specifically targeting children, who don’t have the knowledge and experience to realize they are being misled.

Insulin is a very important hormone that regulates energy storage, among other things.

One of its functions is to tell fat cells to store fat and to hold on to the fat they already carry.

The Western diet promotes insulin resistance in many overweight and obese individuals. This elevates insulin levels all over the body, causing energy to get stored in fat cells instead of being available for use ( 5 Trusted Source ).

While insulin’s role in obesity is controversial, several studies suggest that high insulin levels have a causal role in the development of obesity ( 6 Trusted Source ).

One of the best ways to lower your insulin is to cut back on simple or refined carbohydrates while increasing fiber intake ( 7 Trusted Source ).

This usually leads to an automatic reduction in calorie intake and effortless weight loss — no calorie counting or portion control needed ( 8 Trusted Source , 9 Trusted Source ).

Summary High insulin levels and insulin resistance are linked to the development of obesity. To lower insulin levels, reduce your intake of refined carbs and eat more fiber.

Many pharmaceutical drugs can cause weight gain as a side effect ( 10 Trusted Source ).

For example, antidepressants have been linked to modest weight gain over time ( 11 Trusted Source ).

Other examples include diabetes medication and antipsychotics ( 12 Trusted Source , 13 Trusted Source ).

These drugs don’t decrease your willpower. They alter the function of your body and brain, reducing metabolic rate or increasing appetite ( 14 Trusted Source , 15 Trusted Source ).

Summary Some medications may promote weight gain by reducing the number of calories burned or increasing appetite.

Leptin is another hormone that plays an important role in obesity.

It is produced by fat cells and its blood levels increase with higher fat mass. For this reason, leptin levels are especially high in people with obesity.

In healthy people, high leptin levels are linked to reduced appetite. When working properly, it should tell your brain how high your fat stores are.

The problem is that leptin isn’t working as it should in many obese people, because for some reason it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier ( 16 Trusted Source ).

This condition is called leptin resistance and is believed to be a leading factor in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Summary Leptin, an appetite-reducing hormone, doesn’t work in many obese individuals.

Another factor that dramatically influences people’s waistline is food availability, which has increased massively in the past few centuries.

Food, especially junk food, is everywhere now. Shops display tempting foods where they are most likely to gain your attention.

Another problem is that junk food is often cheaper than healthy, whole foods, especially in America.

Some people, especially in poorer neighborhoods, don’t even have the option of purchasing real foods, like fresh fruit and vegetables.

Convenience stores in these areas only sell sodas, candy and processed, packaged junk foods.

How can it be a matter of choice if there is none?

Summary In some areas, finding fresh, whole foods may be difficult or expensive, leaving people no choice but to buy unhealthy junk foods.

Added sugar may be the single worst aspect of the modern diet.

That’s because sugar changes the hormones and biochemistry of your body when consumed in excess. This, in turn, contributes to weight gain.

Added sugar is half glucose, half fructose. People get glucose from a variety of foods, including starches, but the majority of fructose comes from added sugar.

Excess fructose intake may cause insulin resistance and elevated insulin levels. It also doesn’t promote satiety in the same way glucose does ( 17 Trusted Source , 18 Trusted Source , 19 Trusted Source ).

For all these reasons, sugar contributes to increased energy storage and, ultimately, obesity.

Summary Scientists believe that excessive sugar intake may be one of the main causes of obesity.

People all over the world are being misinformed about health and nutrition.

There are many reasons for this, but the problem largely depends on where people get their information from.

Many websites, for example, spread inaccurate or even incorrect information about health and nutrition.

Some news outlets also oversimplify or misinterpret the results of scientific studies and the results are frequently taken out of context.

Other information may simply be outdated or based on theories that have never been fully proven.

Food companies also play a role. Some promote products, such as weight loss supplements, that do not work.

Weight loss strategies based on false information can hold back your progress. It’s important to choose your sources well.

Summary Misinformation may contribute to weight gain in some people. It can also make weight loss more difficult.

If you have concerns about your waistline, you should not use this article as an excuse to give up.

While you can’t fully control the way your body works, you can learn how to control your eating habits and change your lifestyle.

Unless there is some medical condition getting in your way, it is within your power to control your weight.

It often takes hard work and a drastic lifestyle change, but many people do succeed in the long run despite having the odds stacked against them.

The point of this article is to open people’s minds to the fact that something other than individual responsibility plays a role in the obesity epidemic.

The fact is that modern eating habits and food culture must be changed to be able to reverse this problem on a global scale.

The idea that it is all caused by a lack of willpower is exactly what food producers want you to believe, so they can continue their marketing in peace.

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